Dunn’s model of sensory processing identified SOR as a low neurological threshold and a passive self-regulation strategy in response to sensory stimuli. Conversely, SOR refers to the subjective experience of sensory overload that would not be regarded as troublesome to those without SOR. SUR refers to a lack of awareness of certain stimuli or a slowed response to sensory inputs, such as sounds or spoken language. The extent of unusual sensory features has been found to be associated with the severity of autistic traits, such as repetitive behavior and stereotyped behavior. Sensory features can be categorized into three patterns, namely, SOR (also known as sensory hyper-reactivity), sensory under-responsivity (SUR, also known as sensory hypo-reactivity), and sensation seeking (unusual sensory interests), and many individuals with ASD show more than one sensory pattern. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), added both sensory hypo-reactivity and hyper-reactivity to the diagnostic criteria as core symptoms of ASD. In fact, the characteristic of “unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment” was identified as a feature of ASD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Professionals in a variety of fields have become increasingly aware of the sensory features of ASD over the past two decades. SOR is characterized by a faster, more intense, or longer response to sensation than typical sensory responsivity, and it occurs more frequently among children with ASD than among typically developing children. Sensory over-responsivity (SOR), a condition that frequently causes clinical impairment and is characterized by unusual and heightened reactivity to sensations, is one of these symptom clusters. In addition to the two core symptom clusters, individuals with ASD frequently show associated symptoms or symptom clusters that can significantly increase their functional impairment. This paper provides guidance for selecting appropriate interventions and for further investigation of more effective interventions in the future.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by two symptom clusters of (a) social interaction/social communication deficits and (b) restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, activities, or interests. These interventions focus on establishing coping strategies for regulating the emotional response to sensory information, and they have been found to be effective and to have the potential to help children with ASD reduce their SOR behaviors. Four interventions and their theoretical bases in sensory-motor processing are discussed in this paper, namely, physical activity (PA), sensory integration therapy (SIT), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This review reveals evidence that SOR has a close relationship with anxiety, depression, insomnia, and family life impairment and an underlying mechanism related to SOR. This paper collates and reviews studies on SOR and information on the potential for effective interventions for people with ASD. Despite the detrimental effects of SOR on people’s personal and social lives, the knowledge of and interventions for the issue remain limited. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit sensory over-responsivity (SOR), which is characterized by an overwhelmingly negative reaction to or avoidance of sensory stimulation.
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